How can one tell if pasta is properly cooked when boiling?

When determining if pasta is properly cooked, the ideal state is tender yet firm to the bite. This characteristic is often referred to as "al dente," which means that while the pasta should be cooked and no longer hard, it should still retain a slight firmness in the center. This texture is essential because it provides the best eating experience and ensures that the pasta holds up well when mixed with sauces or other components of a dish.

Other indicators, such as the consistency of the pasta becoming soft and falling apart, suggest overcooking, which can negatively affect the dish's overall texture. A sticky texture is also undesirable, as it can indicate that the pasta has released excessive starch due to overcooking or lack of sufficient water during boiling. While floating can occur with cooked pasta, it is not a reliable indicator of doneness, as some types may float before they are fully cooked. Hence, the best measure of properly cooked pasta remains that ideal balance of tenderness and firmness.